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Part one · The everyday answer

The Math of Losing Weight

Everyone tells you to eat less and move more. Nobody tells you how much of either.

Two things nobody enjoys: dieting and math homework. Today we're doing both at once. Sound great, right?

CJ sitting at a laptop, staring at the camera, with Google autocompleting 'how to lose weight'.

You've probably heard the classic advice: eat well, move well, and get on Ozempic. What nobody tells you is exactly how much you should eat, how much you should exercise, or how much GLP-1 you should inject — not without charging you for a subscription first, as if your waistline were a business model.

Two-panel comic. A patient says his shoulder hurts when he touches it; the doctor replies to stop touching it, and charges sixty dollars.

Turns out, with a bit of math, you don't need to pay up — because eating, moving, and GLP-1 are all, at their core, the same operation: adjusting your calorie balance.

Before we go on GLP-1 drugs are prescription medication, not a calorie hack you can slot in next to a jog. They come with real side effects and real indications, and that conversation belongs with a doctor. Everything below is arithmetic, not medical advice.

Here's the deal: your body is a machine that runs on calories. You gain calories by eating, and you spend them just by being alive. When there's too much left over, your body has the bright idea to store it as fat (or muscle, but let's be honest, that's probably not what's happening here): roughly 7,700 kcal = 1 kg of fat, or 2.20462 lbs in burger units.

CJ walking away, lean build. A Burger Shot employee behind a counter with fries, a drink and a slice. CJ walking away, noticeably heavier.

That's also the fat (or muscle) your body burns through when you don't eat enough calories — which is exactly why GLP-1 drugs cause weight loss: they cut your appetite.

CJ walking away, noticeably heavier. CJ working out on an exercise bike in a gym. CJ walking away, lean build.

Let's say you want to lose L kg in a month. That works out to L × 7,700 / 30 kcal to lose per day on average, assuming a 30-day month.

Widget — monthly goal slider
Drag L, see the daily deficit it implies.

Let ΔC be your calorie balance at the end of the day, Cb your calories burned, and Ci your calories consumed through food. Foods rich in carbohydrates (4 kcal per gram) and fat (9 kcal per gram) pack more calories than most. Proteins (4 kcal per gram) count too — and for the distinguished adults in the room, so does alcohol (7 kcal per gram).

ΔC = Ci − Cb

To lose weight, you need ΔC < 0, and to hit your target you need ΔC = −L × 770/3, which means:

Cb = Ci + L × 770/3 with L = 2 kg/month, L × 770/3 = 513 kcal/day

Two strategies are on the table: lower Ci, by eating cleaner, or raise Cb, through exercise — but not only through exercise. Cb also goes by the name TDEE, Total Daily Energy Expenditure:

TDEE = BMR + NEAT + EEE

The energy cost of existing

BMR, or Basal Metabolic Rate, is the energy you spend just to keep your vital functions running — breathing, blood flow, digestion. Basically, the energy cost of existing.

BMR = 10 × weight (kg) + 6.25 × height (cm) − 5 × age (years)
+ 5 for men, − 161 for women
Widget — BMR calculator
Prefilled with CJ, editable with your own numbers.

Take CJ from San Andreas: 1.80 m, 185 lbs (83.9 kg), 24 years old in 1992. That puts him at 10 × 83.9 + 6.25 × 180 − 5 × 24 + 5 = 1,849 kcal per day, before he does anything at all.

The energy of doing nothing in particular

Joke poster titled 'Six easy exercises that anyone can do', listing things like getting up from the couch, standing in a queue, and giving up.

NEAT, or Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis, is the energy spent on everyday movement — brushing your teeth, moving a spoon, even just standing. Basically, NEET energy, if you get the reference.

Finally, EEE, or Exercise Energy Expenditure — the painful part — is the calories burned through actual physical exercise.

Table — calories burned per exercise
The red column answers the simplest version of the question: it assumes you eat exactly what your BMR and NEAT already burn, so Ci − BMR − NEAT cancels out and the whole deficit falls on exercise. Eat more than that and the numbers increase.

Put it together and the equation you actually care about is:

EEE = Ci + L × 770/3 − BMRNEAT

You now have everything you need to launch your own weight-loss YouTube channel and become a millionaire.

But isn't that a little boring?